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Gerritsz, Hessel; de Laet, Ioannes.
Nova Anglia, Novum Belgium et Virginia + Bermuda majori mole expressa.
(New England, New Netherland, and Virginia, and Bermuda Drawn on a
Larger Scale) 1630.
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This landmark work, the foundation map of New Netherland's printed patrimony, places the Dutch claim in its geographic context between New England and Virginia. The New Netherland name had prior to 1630 been featured on printed maps of the entire American coast such as the one of Willem Jansz Blaeu, ca. 1629. This map however is the first engraved map that focuses specifically on New Netherland and the first one to name New Amsterdam and Manhattan. Its publication date is twenty-one years after Henry Hudson's discovery; sixteen years after Adriaen Block's detailed charting of the New Netherland territory; and six years after the arrival of the first settlers on Governors Island. Subsequently the colony spread out to Delaware, Connecticut and the upper Hudson River. This transformed the region from being the prerogative of patented private fur trading monopolies into the North American province of New Netherland (1624). The New Netherland province's governance was entrusted to the West India Company. Now, the laws and ordinances of the provinces of Holland and Zeeland applied to the settlers.
Five years prior to the map's publication, construction of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island had begun and the founding of New Amsterdam had taken place (1625). This is also the first map to use the place name Massachusetts. In 1617 Hessel Gerritsz, publisher, hydrographer, cartographer and engraver, had been sworn in as the first official East India Company map maker. West India Company's director and chronicler, Johannes de Laet, featured 14 maps of North and South America produced by Gerritsz in the 1630 edition of his 1625 book, The New World.
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Blaeu, Willem.
Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova. (New Netherland and New England) Amsterdam,
1635.
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This is the engraved version of Adriaen Block's 1614 manuscript map that formed the cornerstone of the New Netherland claim from Cape Hinlopen, just south of the Zuyd Rivier (Delaware River), to Nova Francia. However, the name New England is added based on the 1616 John Smith map (backdated to 1614) that formed the original New England claim. Block's original naming of the Cape as New Holland is missing and Fort Good Hope, built in 1632 in the Fresh (Connecticut) River on land purchased from the Pequots has not been noted. Note that Hudson's river is here called Mauritius River so named by Henry Hudson after stadholder (governor) Prince Maurice. Ellis Island is prominently featured as Oesters (Oysters) Island suggesting it to be a major transit point for trade with the natives west of the river. Also prominently featured are Adriaen Block Eylandt and Hendrick Christiaens Eylandt (today called Noman's Island) so named after these first explorers who charted the region during their journeys of 1611, '12, '13, and '14 The map is the first one to illustrate North American animals, particularly the fur bearing kind that lured many traders. It also depicts Indian canoes and villages. Block was the first European to circumnavigate Manhattan and Long Island.
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Jansz (Janssonius or Jansson), Jan (Johannes or Johan).
Nova Anglia, Novum Belgium, et Virginia (New England, New Netherland,
and Virginia) 1636.
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This is the first state of Jansson's 1636 plate which was based on the 1630 copper plate cut by the cartographer, engraver and publisher Hessel Gerritsz who produced the first engraved New Netherland map to also depict Manhattan and Nieuw Amsterdam. Gerritsz 's map was published in the 1630 (second) edition of the book titled The New World written by Johannes de Laet, a West India Company director, and first published in 1625. Although now six years later, Manhattan is still depicted on Johan Jansson's map as a triangle, and Long Island was still depicted as a trisected or "broken" island, which was so named on the 1635 map of Willem Blaeu. Jansson's map is merely a more glamorous, promotional map of the one produced by Hessel Gerritsz in 1630.
In the next (second) state Janssonius changed the cartouche and when the plate of this map was acquired by Gerard Valk and Peter Schenk in 1692, a third state with minor additions was published.
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Goos, Pieter.
Pas Caerte van Nieu Nederlandt en de Engelsche Virginies, van Cabo Cod
tot Cabo Canrick. (Chart of New Netherland and the English Virginias
from Cape Cod to Cape Canrick [i.e. Hatteras].) 1666.
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One of the most beautiful early charts of southern New England and the Mid-Atlantic region. Some of the finest artistry of Dutch cartography is found on sea charts. The most successful publisher in this field was Pieter Goos, whose work was popular with both the practicing and armchair sailor. This chart of the Northeast presents the elements that make his work so highly desirable: excellent balance between embellishment and map; realistic maritime detail (such as the sailor holding a navigational instrument) mingled with baroque decoration; rich color; and fine paper.
The shapes of both Manhattan and Long Island are well rendered as are the New Jersey shore and the Delaware Bay and River. Along the latter, all of the Swedish and Dutch forts and settlements are shown. Early settlements along the Connecticut shore (Gilfort, Stamfort, Stratfort, Milfort, etc.) also appear.
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Keulen, Johannes van.
Pas-Kaart vande Zee Kusten Inde Boght van Niew Engeland tusschen de Staaten
Hoekven C. de Sable Door Vooght geometra t'Amsterdam. (Chart of the
Sea Coast in the bend [of the Coast] of New England between Cape Cod and
Cape de Sable
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by Vooght [Mathematics Co.] in Amsterdam) 1684.
One of the earliest acquirable charts to focus on Maine and Northern New England. Depths, hazards, and other navigation information are given, along with a very decorative cartouche. The Van Keulen firm was the leading Dutch chart maker for two centuries.
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Speed, John.
A Map of New England and New York Sold by Tho: Basset in Fleetstreet
and Richard Chiswell in St. Paul's Church
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Yard // F. Lamb Sculp. 1676.
An English version of the maps of Jansson and Visscher. (See Map 3.) This is one of the earliest maps to illustrate the dramatic shift from Dutch to English dominance in the Northeast in the latter part of the 17th century. It does so by changing most of the place names from the Dutch to the British names. For example, it was one of the first to use the name New York for both the state (colony) and the city instead of New Netherland and New Amsterdam as they were respectively named. New Jersey and Boston are also named. It is also one of the few English maps of the Northeast printed before 1700.
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Homann, Johann Baptiste.
Nova Anglia Septentrionali Americae implantate (New England Situated
in North America) Nuremberg, 1724.
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One of the few collectible maps of the Northeast of the early 18th century. This attractive work is an interesting blend of older Dutch sources and more recent English ones. The cartography of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket is still quite distorted, but the coast of Maine is well detailed. The outer portion of Cape Cod is severed by a strait in the area of Wellfleet. New Jersey is divided into East and West Jersey.
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Jansz (Janssonius or Jansson), Jan (Johannes or Johan).
Belgii Novi, Angliae Novae et Partis Virginiae (New Netherland, New
England and parts of Virginia) 1650.
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This plate was engraved in 1650 based on a 1648 manuscript map that accompanied a 1649 petition on the New Netherland Commonalty delivered by Adriaen van der Donck to the States General (the governing body of the Dutch Republic). It urged the Dutch Republic to negotiate with England the exact borders between New Netherland and New England. Van der Donck's 1649 Remonstrance provided all the arguments for the defense of New Netherland's territorial integrity against New England's encroachment. He argued that the English "contrary to the law of nations, regardless of right or wrong invaded" New Netherland. He delivered the manuscript map (from which this map is engraved) to the States General in order to support Adriaen Block's original claim to New Netherland. He also called for a change in the North American based province's governance and demanded the recall of Peter Stuyvesant. The significance of this map lies in the fact that it illustrates a historic, momentous decision - the first exercise of an American's legal right to seek redress of a grievance to the highest governmental authority 143 years before ratification of that right in the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights. To control effectively the province, economic and political alliances with the natives were essential. The map, therefore, details all the known Indian tribes of New Netherland. This map is the second state, published about 1661 upon the 1660 knighting of De Raet to Baronet by Charles II of England. The 1650 plate was altered to include only De Raet's coat of arms. The map was later copied by Nicholas Visscher (in 1651) who added a view of New Amsterdam - copied from a Joannes Blaeu engraving of 1650. Visscher's composite map was then newly engraved/copied by Hugo Allard and Justus Danckerts in the mid-1650's.
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Schenk, Peter; Valk, Gerard.
Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova. (New Netherland and New England.)
1694.
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Janssonius sold his 1635 plate to Peter Schenk and Gerard Valk who added a latitude and longitude grid to it in 1694. They also added border lines on Janssonius's plate to introduce the concept of fixed borders between New Netherland and its English neighbors. Using rivers as fixed borders however was the European concept of natural borders where marauding armies often had come to a standstill and peace treaties were signed. In Europe, therefore, separate nations would often control the same river. This concept was far removed from New Netherland's original claim that included control of both sides of the Delaware River and the Connecticut River in order to thus secure the fur trade for itself.
This is the 3rd state or last edition of Jansson's 1635 plate. Schenk and Valk added their names to the plate.
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Danckerts, Justus.
Novi Belgii Novaeque Angliae. (New Netherland and New England.)
mid-1650's.
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This plate was produced in the mid-1650's, engraved as a copy of Nicholas Visscher's 1651 composite map (i.e., the 1650 map of J. Jansson and the 1650 New Amsterdam view of J. Blaeu). It was subsequently updated to include new place names and decorative touches not found in previous issues. It is the most lavishly decorated of all the early editions of this 17th century New Netherland map. The "Blaeu" view of New Amsterdam is the second earliest [engraved] image of the city (the first one being in a Joost Hartgers booklet). It was based on a 1648 pen-and-ink watercolor, which was discovered in the Albertina collection of the Austrian National Library in Vienna in 1991.
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Montanus, Arnoldus
Novum Amsterodamum. (New Amsterdam) 1671.
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This map was first published in Montanus' book De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld published in Amsterdam in 1671. It depicts New Amsterdam as it looked in 1651. Subsequently it appeared in a number of other books. It is possibly based on a drawing by Augustine Herrman made in 1656 or 57.
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Keulen, Johannes van.
Pas-Kaart vande zee kusten van Niew Nederland anders genaamt Niew York.
(Chart of the Sea Coast of New Netherlands Otherwise Named New York.)
1685.
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A fine example of one of the earliest printed maps of Long Island, Manhattan, and lower New England. The map is important because of the inclusion of many names not occurring on other maps as well as for its large scale inset map of the Hudson River, which is thought to be the first detailed engraved map of that river. This complex engraving, which actually contains three maps, also includes the earliest separate map of the Connecticut River (called by the Dutch the Versche or Fresh River). Shelter Island is both shown and named on the chart, possibly for the first time. The map is an excellent record of the earliest Dutch and English settlements along the Connecticut shoreline and in the New York City area ("Breukelen," "Hopoghan," "Ooyster Bay." "Tapaan"). The fort and settlements are shown on Manhattan, but a large, fictional bay appears on the West Side along the Hudson River. The chart has curious inaccuracies. Long Island is surprisingly misshapen for the period, yet Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, which had heretofore been poorly mapped, are both correctly named and, relatively speaking, in correct proportion to each other as to size.
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Ogilby, John; Montanus, Arnoldus.
Novi Belgii, quod nunc Novi Jorck vocatur, Novaeque Anglia et partis Virginiae.
(New Netherland, Which is Now Called New York, and New England and
Part of Virginia.) 1671.
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A very attractive map with a large cartouche depicting Indians engaged in hunting, preparing food, and other activities. It was the first map in the Jansson-Visscher series on which the place names for New York City, New Jersey, and Albany appear.
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Ottens, R. & J.;
Totius Neo Belgii, nova et accuratissima tabula. (All of New Netherland
Newly and Most Accurately Drawn.) Amsterdam, 1720's
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The copper plate of this map was produced by Hugo Allardt in the mid-sixteen fifties (c. 1656) as a facsimile plate of Nicholas Visscher's 1651 composite map (New Netherland map and New Amsterdam view). Allard erased the view from the plate in 1673 and etched an entirely new view (the Restitutio View) on it to celebrate the retaking of New Netherland by a fleet of 21 ships under the command of Cornelis Evertsen who retook New York for the Dutch by disembarking 600 soldiers on August 23, 1673. He renamed the city New Orange. The etching was done by Romeyn de Hooghe and the initial 1673 text in the view translates to: "New Amsterdam previously called New York and now recaptured by the Netherlanders on August 24, 1673". The 21 ships are clearly delineated. The baroque cartouche declares grandiloquently the restoration of Dutch power over the New Netherland province. A victorious Athena (goddess of war and peace, guardian of cities, stands amid her supplicants, Indian and European, with a laurel wreath in her outstretched hand. Meanwhile, Hermes, god of commerce and messenger to the Olympians, tilts his caduceus (magic wand) in the direction of tribute-bearing Indians. The view shows clearly the wall (Wall Street), erected against a possible English attack, and built by Stuyvesant at his own cost in 1653. It also depicts Broad Street (then a canal) and Peter Stuyvesant's mansion at the end of Whitehall facing the East River. During the Anglo-Dutch Westminster Peace Treaty of November, 1674, the New Netherland territory was ceded to the English. Ottens bought the plate from Hugo Allard's son, Carolus, and added his name to the cartouche.
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Jansz (Janssonius or Jansson), Jan (Johannes or Johan)
Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova (New Netherland and New England). Amsterdam,
1647.
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In this second version or state of Janssonius's map, issued in 1636, he erased the original heart shaped cartouche and title of the first state and replaced it with those found on Willem Blaeu's map of 1635. He thus emphasized the prominence of New Netherland by now leaving out Virginia and featuring the coat of arms of the Dutch Republic. Janssonius also borrowed from Blaeu the animals and Indian village found on this map. However, he retained without any change his original nomenclature.
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Jansson, Jan; Visscher, Nicholas; Lotter, Tobias Conrad.
Recens edita totius Novi Belgii in America Septentrionali. (A New Edition
of All of New Netherland in North America.) 1757.
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A spirited engraving, part of the Jansson-Visscher series, with the Restitutio view of New York City in the lower right, so-called for its dramatic depiction of the restitution of Dutch power in the City in 1673. Dutch soldiers can be seen marching along the quay on their way to taking the fort. The Dutch renamed the colony New Orange, but the restitution lasted only one year. In 1674 the English retook New Orange, named it New York, and held it until the American Revolution. The wall after which Wall Street is named is visible in the right side of the view. A monarch, possibly George II is being presented with the bounty of America atop the view.
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Gastaldi, Giacomo; Ramusio J. B.
Untitled. (The Northeast/New York City) 1556.
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The first printed map devoted to the New England region. It contains the most accurate early delineation of the New York City area based on the first European sighting by Verrazano. The map is a lively woodcut filled with charming representations of Amerindians and their customs as well as flora and fauna. These and other details on the map were drawn from a letter written by Verrazano describing his voyage. The fact that it was based on a written letter might account for its crudity, e.g. Cape Breton is shown nearly adjacent to Buzzard's Bay. The peninsula "Angouleme is Manhattan Island named after King Francis I who was the Duke of Angouleme. The long mark parallel to the coast could be the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic drift, or simply shoals and shallows.
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van der Aa, Peter; Smith, John.
Nieuw Engeland in Twee Scheeptogen door Kapitein Johan Smith inde iaren
1614 en 1615 bestevend. (New England as Described by Captain John Smith
in two voyages in 1614 and 1615.) 1714.
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Published in van der Aa's Atlas nouveau et curieux, Leyden, 1714. The map lacks many details but has a beautiful illustration of Dutchmen trading with the Native Americans.
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Wytfliet, Cornelius.
Norumbega et Virginia. (Norumbega [i.e. North America] and Virginia.)
1597.
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A well-executed engraving depicting the northeastern American coastline as it was perceived by European geographers one hundred years after the discovery of the New World. Norumbega was a generic place name for all of North America that fell into disuse shortly after this map was issued. The map is one of the few published before 1612 that used the name Virginia, which was applied to all the territories claimed by England. Although New York Harbor appears on maps issued before this one, it is omitted here.
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Schenk, Peter.
Nieu Amsterdam, een stedeken in Noord Amerikaes Nieu Hollant, op het eilant
Mankattan: Namaels Nieu Jork genaemt, toen het geraekte in't gebiet der
Engelschen. (New Amsterdam, a Small Town in New Holland in North America,
on the Island of Manhattan, Renamed New York when it Became Part of the
Territory of the English) 1702.
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New Amsterdam is shown it as it appeared in 1673. It was published in Schenk's Hecatompolis. The view was copied from that found in the lower right of map 14.
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